![]() ![]() Additional bacterial infectious causes of stridor include Neisseria meningitidis, Pasteurella multocida, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, S pyogenes, and other streptococci. Viral pathogens include influenza A and B, herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, HIV, and SARS-CoV-2. Laryngomalacia, characterized by the collapse of supraglottic structures during inspiration, is the leading cause of extrathoracic airway obstruction in infants. Laryngotracheitis, commonly known as croup, is the primary cause of stridor in infants and children, often attributed to the parainfluenza virus. Although chronic stridor generally becomes apparent within the first few weeks of life, some cases may manifest later in childhood. In contrast, chronic stridor is caused by a congenital or acquired abnormality, and it may persist for weeks. Patients with acute stridor are at risk of experiencing rapid progression of their symptoms. Although the symptoms associated with acute causes of stridor typically emerge within minutes to hours, they can also develop over days. Stridor is a manifestation of an underlying pathology and may result from acute or chronic factors. This topic addresses both acquired and congenital causes of stridor and the evaluation and treatment of stridor in children. Biphasic stridor is commonly associated with subglottic or glottic anomalies. The inspiratory stridor indicates a laryngeal obstruction, whereas the expiratory stridor suggests a tracheobronchial obstruction. The timing of stridor during the respiratory cycle provides valuable insights into the level of obstruction. In cases of diagnostic uncertainty, healthcare professionals may perform x-rays or bronchoscopy on patients to determine the etiology of stridor. In young children and infants, even minor inflammation can lead to significant and rapid airway obstruction. Identifying the underlying disease process is crucial in managing stridor symptoms. The medical history, age, and symptom acuity of a child aid in distinguishing the underlying cause of the condition.Ĭongenital malformations, life-threatening obstructions, or acute infections can cause stridor. This condition indicates significant upper airway obstruction and is usually most prominent during the inspiration phase. ![]() ![]() Stridor is an abnormal, high-pitched respiratory sound produced by irregular airflow in a narrowed airway. This topic delves into the pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and clinical management of stridor while also highlighting the integral role of the interprofessional healthcare team in caring for patients with this condition. Therefore, healthcare professionals must have a thorough understanding of the underlying causes of stridor and be highly skilled in evaluating and addressing compromised airways while comprehending the root causes of the condition. In young children and infants, even minor inflammation can lead to significant and rapid airway obstruction. In cases of diagnostic uncertainty, healthcare professionals may perform x-rays or bronchoscopy on patients to determine the etiology of stridor-a manifestation of an underlying pathology that requires a comprehensive patient history and physical examination. Diagnosis for this condition is aided by considering the patient's age and the onset of symptoms. Stridor can result from various congenital and acquired conditions. Stridor is an abnormal, high-pitched respiratory sound produced by irregular airflow in a narrowed airway during the inspiration phase.
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